Akio Tsubahara    Department   Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare  ,    Position   Professor with Special Assignment
Article types	原著
Language	English
Peer review	Peer reviewed
Title	Effects of Tongue-Strengthening Exercise on the Geniohyoid Muscle in Young Healthy Adults.
Journal	Formal name：Dysphagia
Domestic / Foregin	Foregin
Volume, Issue, Page	35(1),pp.110-116
Author and coauthor	Yano Jitsuro, Yamamoto-Shimizu Sayako, Yokoyama Tomonori, Kumakura Isami, Hanayama Kozo, Tsubahara Akio.
Authorship	Last author
Publication date	2020/02
Summary	The activities of the suprahyoid muscles have been reported to be induced by tongue muscle contraction. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether tongue-strengthening exercises using a device cause hypertrophy of the geniohyoid muscle in healthy adults. Seven healthy young adults (3 men and 4 women, 21.0 ± 1.3 years old) received 8-week tongue muscle training with the JMS Tongue Pressure Measuring Device. The participants were instructed to press the anterior tongue against the hard palate 30 times in each session, three sessions a day, and 3 days a week. The exercise intensity was set to 60% of maximum tongue pressure in the first week, and to 80% of maximum tongue pressure for the remaining period. The training effect was evaluated by measuring (1) maximum tongue pressure value with the JMS Tongue Pressure Measuring Device, and (2) the area at rest, shortening amount, and contraction ratio of the geniohyoid muscle using ultrasonic imaging. After the 8-week training program, the maximum tongue pressure increased significantly from 44.9 to 61.6 kPa. The area of the geniohyoid muscle at rest also increased significantly from 2.3 to 2.6 cm2 after the program. There were no significant differences in the shortening amounts and the contraction ratios of the geniohyoid muscle between the values before and after the program. The tongue-strengthening exercise was useful to increase the muscle power of the geniohyoid, as well as the tongue muscles, in healthy young adults.