ヤスヤマ　コウジ   Kouji Yasuyama   泰山　浩司    所属   川崎医療福祉大学  リハビリテーション学部 言語聴覚療法学科    職種   特任教授
論文種別	原著
言語種別	英語
査読の有無	査読あり
表題	Synaptic connections of PDF-immunoreactive lateral neurons projecting to the dorsal protocerebrum of Drosophila melanogaster.
掲載誌名	正式名：The Journal of comparative neurology 略　 称：J Comp Neurol ISSNコード：00219967/10969861
巻・号・頁	518(3),pp.292-304
著者・共著者	Yasuyama Kouji, Meinertzhagen Ian A.,
担当区分	筆頭著者
発行年月	2010/02
概要	Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster indicate that the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is an important output signal from a set of major clock neurons, s-LNvs (small ventral lateral neurons), which transmit the circadian phase to subsets of other clock neurons, DNs (dorsal neurons). Both s-LNvs and DNs have fiber projections to the dorsal protocerebrum of the brain, so that this area is a conspicuous locus for coupling between different subsets of clock neurons. To unravel the neural circuits underlying the fly's circadian rhythms, we examined the detailed subcellular morphology of the PDF-positive fibers of the s-LNvs in the dorsal protocerebrum, focusing on their synaptic connections, using preembedding immuno-electron microscopy. To examine the distribution of synapses, we alsp reconstructed the three-dimentional morphology of PDF-positive varicosities from fiber profiles in the dorsal protocerebrum. The varicosities contained large dense-core vesicles (DCVs), and also numerous small clear vesicles, forming divergent output synapses onto unlabeled neurites. The DCVs apparently dock at nonsynaptic sites, suggesting their nonsynaptic release. In addition, a 3D reconstruction revealed the presence of input synapses onto the PDF-positive fibers. These were detected less frequently than output sites. These observations suggest that the PDF-positive clock neurons receive neural inputs directly through synaptic connections in the dorsal protocerebrum, in addition to supplying dual outputs, either synaptic or via paracrine release of the DCV contents, to unidentified target neurons.
DOI	10.1002/cne.22210