タナカ　リョウジロウ   Ryojiro Tanaka   田中　亮二郎    所属   川崎医科大学  医学部 臨床医学　小児科学    職種   特任教授
論文種別	原著
言語種別	英語
査読の有無	査読あり
表題	Mycophenolate Mofetil after Rituximab for Childhood-Onset Complicated Frequently-Relapsing or Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome.
掲載誌名	正式名：Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 略　 称：J Am Soc Nephrol ISSNコード：15333450/10466673
掲載区分	国外
巻・号・頁	33(2),pp.401-419
著者・共著者	Kazumoto Iijima, Mayumi Sako, Mari Oba, Seiji Tanaka, Riku Hamada, Tomoyuki Sakai, Yoko Ohwada, Takeshi Ninchoji, Tomohiko Yamamura, Hiroyuki Machida, Yuko Shima, Ryojiro Tanaka, Hiroshi Kaito, Yoshinori Araki, Tamaki Morohashi, Naonori Kumagai, Yoshimitsu Gotoh, Yohei Ikezumi, Takuo Kubota, Koichi Kamei, Naoya Fujita, Yasufumi Ohtsuka, Takayuki Okamoto, Takeshi Yamada, Eriko Tanaka, Masaki Shimizu, Tomoko Horinochi, Akihide Konishi, Takashi Omori, Koichi Nakanishi, Kenji Ishikura, Shuichi Ito, Hidefumi Nakamura, Kandai Nozu,
発行年月	2022/02
概要	BACKGROUND:Rituximab is the standard therapy for childhood-onset complicated frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (FRNS/SDNS). However, most patients redevelop FRNS/SDNS after peripheral B cell recovery.METHODS:We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) administration after rituximab can prevent treatment failure (FRNS, SDNS, steroid resistance, or use of immunosuppressive agents or rituximab). In total, 39 patients (per group) were treated with rituximab, followed by either MMF or placebo until day 505 (treatment period). The primary outcome was time to treatment failure (TTF) throughout the treatment and follow-up periods (until day 505 for the last enrolled patient).RESULTS:TTFs were clinically but not statistically significantly longer among patients given MMF after rituximab than among patients receiving rituximab monotherapy (median, 784.0 versus 472.5 days, hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.34 to 1.05, log-rank test: P=0.07). Because most patients in the MMF group presented with treatment failure after MMF discontinuation, we performed a post-hoc analysis limited to the treatment period and found that MMF after rituximab prolonged the TTF and decreased the risk of treatment failure by 80% (HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.50). Moreover, MMF after rituximab reduced the relapse rate and daily steroid dose during the treatment period by 74% and 57%, respectively. The frequency and severity of adverse events were similar in both groups.CONCLUSIONS:Administration of MMF after rituximab may sufficiently prevent the development of treatment failure and is well tolerated, although the relapse-preventing effect disappears after MMF discontinuation.
DOI	10.1681/ASN.2021050643
PMID	34880074